Vitamins & Minerals Supplements: What the Evidence Actually Shows 2026
Vitamins & Minerals: The Research-Backed Guide
Vitamin and mineral supplementation is most effective when correcting documented deficiency — and many deficiencies are more prevalent than widely recognised. Vitamin D deficiency affects 40% of Americans, magnesium deficiency affects 48–68%, and omega-3 insufficiency is nearly universal in people n
The science behind this category
Vitamin and mineral supplementation is most effective when correcting documented deficiency — and many deficiencies are more prevalent than widely recognised. Vitamin D deficiency affects 40% of Americans, magnesium deficiency affects 48–68%, and omega-3 insufficiency is nearly universal in people not eating oily fish regularly. This hub covers our full vitamin and mineral research, with evidence graded by clinical trial quality.
All reviews in this category
Every article cites peer-reviewed primary sources. Last updated July 2026.
Frequently asked questions
Start with our most comprehensive review
Start with our vitamin D and magnesium reviews — covering the two most widespread deficiencies with the strongest evidence for correction.
Read the vitamin D guide →
